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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Microlophus</i></h1>
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<table cellpadding="2" class="float-right taxobox infobox" id="Vorlage_Taxobox" style="width:300px;margin-top:0.5em;" summary="Taxobox">
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<th><i>Microlophus</i>
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<td class="taxo-bild" style="font-size:smaller;">
<p>Lava-Eidechse (<i>Microlophus albemarlensis</i>) auf der Insel <a href="Santa_Cruz_(Gal%C3%A1pagos)" title="Santa Cruz (Galápagos)">Santa Cruz</a>
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<th><a href="Systematik_(Biologie)" title="Systematik (Biologie)">Systematik</a>
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<td><i><a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Überordnung</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Schuppenechsen" title="Schuppenechsen">Schuppenechsen</a> (Lepidosauria)
</td></tr>
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<td><i><a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Ordnung</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Schuppenkriechtiere" title="Schuppenkriechtiere">Schuppenkriechtiere</a> (Squamata)
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<td><i>ohne Rang:</i>
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<td><a href="Toxicofera" title="Toxicofera">Toxicofera</a>
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<td><i>ohne Rang:</i>
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<td><a href="Leguanartige" title="Leguanartige">Leguanartige</a> (Iguania)
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<td><i><a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Familie</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Kielschwanzleguane" title="Kielschwanzleguane">Kielschwanzleguane</a> (Tropiduridae)
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<td><i><a href="Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattung</a>:</i>
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<td><i>Microlophus</i>
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<th><a href="Nomenklatur_(Biologie)" title="Nomenklatur (Biologie)">Wissenschaftlicher Name</a>
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<td class="taxo-name"><i>Microlophus</i>
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<td class="Person"><a href="Andr%C3%A9_Marie_Constant_Dum%C3%A9ril" title="André Marie Constant Duméril">Duméril</a> & <a href="Gabriel_Bibron" title="Gabriel Bibron">Bibron</a>, 1837
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<p><i><b>Microlophus</b></i> ist eine Gattung von Echsen in der Familie der <a href="Kielschwanzleguane" title="Kielschwanzleguane">Kielschwanzleguane</a> (Tropiduridae). Es gibt dreiundzwanzig anerkannte Arten in der Gattung. Sechs von ihnen sind endemisch auf den <a href="Galapagosinseln" title="Galapagosinseln">Galapagosinseln</a>, wo sie „Lava-Eidechsen“ (oft auch „Galapagos-Lavaechsen“) genannt werden.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Der Lebensraum der anderen Arten befindet sich auf dem Festland in <a href="Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a href="Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> und <a href="Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>. Dort werden sie „Pazifische Leguane“ genannt, sie leben in den <a href="Anden" title="Anden">Anden</a> als auch an der Pazifikküste.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die Verbreitung der Lavaeidechsen und ihre Variationen in Form, Farbe und Verhalten zeigen das Phänomen der <a href="Adaptive_Radiation" title="Adaptive Radiation">adaptiven Radiation</a>, das typisch für die Bewohner des Archipels ist. Alle haben sich höchstwahrscheinlich aus einer einzigen Vorfahrenart entwickelt.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wie bei Tropiduridae üblich, können sie jedoch ihre Farbe individuell bis zu einem gewissen Grad verändern, und auch Mitglieder derselben Art, die in verschiedenen Lebensräumen leben, zeigen Farbunterschiede. So sind Tiere, die hauptsächlich in dunkler Lava leben, dunkler als solche, die in einer hellen, sandigen Umgebung leben.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arten">Arten</h2></div>
<p>Im Februar 2021 wurden in der <a href="Reptile_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Reptile Database">Reptile Database</a> 23 Arten gelistet:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li><i>Microlophus albemarlensis</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261921330">
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</style><span class="Person h-card">Baur</span>, 1890)</li>
<li><i>Microlophus atacamensis</i> (<span class="Person h-card">Donoso-Barros</span>, 1960)</li>
<li><i>Microlophus barringtonensis</i> (<span class="Person h-card">Baur</span>, 1892)</li>
<li><i>Microlophus bivittatus</i> (<span class="Person h-card">Peters</span>, 1871)</li>
<li><i>Microlophus delanonis</i> (<span class="Person h-card">Baur</span>, 1890)</li>
<li><i>Microlophus duncanensis</i> (<span class="Person h-card">Baur</span>, 1890)</li>
<li><i>Microlophus grayii</i> (<span class="Person h-card">Bell</span>, 1843)</li>
<li><i>Microlophus habelii</i> (<span class="Person h-card">Steindachner</span>, 1876)</li>
<li><i>Microlophus heterolepis</i> (<span class="Person h-card">Wiegmann</span>, 1834)</li>
<li><i>Microlophus indefatigabilis</i> (<span class="Person h-card">Baur</span>, 1890)</li>
<li><i>Microlophus jacobii</i> (<span class="Person h-card">Baur</span>, 1892)</li>
<li><i>Microlophus koepckeorum</i> (<span class="Person h-card">Mertens</span>, 1956)</li>
<li><i>Microlophus occipitalis</i> (<span class="Person h-card">Peters</span>, 1871)</li>
<li><i>Microlophus pacificus</i> (<span class="Person h-card">Steindachner</span>, 1876)</li>
<li><i>Microlophus peruvianus</i> (<span class="Person h-card">Lesson</span>, 1830)</li>
<li><i>Microlophus quadrivittatus</i> (<span class="Person h-card">Tschudi</span>, 1845)</li>
<li><i>Microlophus stolzmanni</i> (<span class="Person h-card">Steindachner</span>, 1891)</li>
<li><i>Microlophus tarapacensis</i> <span class="Person h-card">Donoso-Barros</span>, 1966</li>
<li><i>Microlophus theresiae</i> (<span class="Person h-card">Steindachner</span>, 1901)</li>
<li><i>Microlophus theresioides</i> (<span class="Person h-card">Donoso-Barros</span>, 1966)</li>
<li><i>Microlophus thoracicus</i> (<span class="Person h-card">Tschudi</span>, 1845)</li>
<li><i>Microlophus tigris</i> (<span class="Person h-card">Tschudi</span>, 1845)</li>
<li><i>Microlophus yanezi</i> (<span class="Person h-card">Ortiz-Zapata</span>, 1980)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Julian Fitter, Daniel Fitter & David Hosking: <cite style="font-style:italic">Wildlife of the Galápagos</cite>. 2. Auflage. <a href="Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>, <a href="Princeton_(New_Jersey)" title="Princeton (New Jersey)">Princeton (New Jersey)</a> 2016, ISBN 978-0-691-17042-8, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>94</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Microlophus&rft.au=Julian+Fitter%2C+Daniel+Fitter+%26+David+Hosking&rft.btitle=Wildlife+of+the+Gal%C3%A1pagos&rft.date=2016&rft.edition=2&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780691170428&rft.pages=94&rft.place=Princeton+%28New+Jersey%29&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Yery Marambio-Alfaro <a href="Et_al." title="Et al.">Et al.</a>: <cite style="font-style:italic">Microlophus atacamensis as a biomonitor of coastal contamination in the Atacama Desert, Chile: An evaluation through a non-lethal technique</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Environmental Pollution</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>269</span>, 2021, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115739">10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115739</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Microlophus&rft.atitle=Microlophus+atacamensis+as+a+biomonitor+of+coastal+contamination+in+the+Atacama+Desert%2C+Chile%3A+An+evaluation+through+a+non-lethal+technique&rft.au=Yery+Marambio-Alfaro+Et+al.&rft.btitle=Environmental+Pollution&rft.date=2021&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.envpol.2020.115739&rft.genre=book&rft.volume=269" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Kizirian, Adrienne Trager, Maureen A. Donnelly & John W. Wright: <cite style="font-style:italic">Evolution of Galapagos Island Lava Lizards (Iguania: Tropiduridae: Microlophus)</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>32</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3</span>, 2004, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>761–769</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.04.004">10.1016/j.ympev.2004.04.004</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Microlophus&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+Galapagos+Island+Lava+Lizards+%28Iguania%3A+Tropiduridae%3A+Microlophus%29&rft.au=David+Kizirian%2C+Adrienne+Trager%2C+Maureen+A.+Donnelly+%26+John+W.+Wright&rft.date=2004&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2004.04.004&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Phylogenetics+and+Evolution&rft.pages=761-769&rft.volume=32" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/search.php?genus=Microlophus&exact%5B%5D=genus&submit=Search"><i>Microlophus</i></a> In: <i><a href="The_Reptile_Database" title="The Reptile Database">The Reptile Database</a></i>; abgerufen am 18. Februar 2021.</span>
</li>
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